Type 1 | Type 2 | Gestational | Other | Diagnosis | Prevention | Insulin

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Characteristics of Gestational Diabetes:

• Most often diagnosed between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in 4% of pregnant women.
• If left untreated can result in very large baby (over 9 lbs.), infant low blood sugar at birth, and still births. Chronic maternal high blood pressure (hypertension) and an increased rate of cesarean deliveries may also occur.
• Blood glucose/sugar levels return to normal after delivery in 90% of cases.

Cause:

• Hormones produced by the placenta induce an environment of stress producing an insulin resistant state in the mother (see insulin resistance under Type 2 Diabetes).

Screening Test:

• drinking a 50-gram oral glucose solution followed by a 1-hour blood glucose test.
• If result is equal to or greater than 140 mg/dl, further testing required

Diagnostic Test:

• drinking 100-gram oral glucose solution after an 8 hour fast
• blood sugar test at 1, 2, and 3 hours after
• positive diagnosis requires that any two of the four glucose values obtained during the test meet or exceed the following values:

  - Fasting - 105 mg/dl
  - 1-hour - 190 mg/dl
  - 2-hour - 165 mg/dl
  - 3-hour - 145 mg/dl

Treatment:

• Diet Exercise
• Self Monitoring

  - blood sugar
  - ketones
  - baby's movements in utero

• Education
• Insulin may be needed

Goals of Treatment:

• Maintain normal blood glucose/sugar levels

  - Fasting ≤ 90 mg/dl
  - 1-hour after meals ≤ 120 mg/dl

• Provide a nutritionally adequate diet for pregnancy
  

Educational Resources: Diabetes Facts

Control is Key	Diabetes and your Skin
Questions you Should Ask your Doctor	Diabetes and your Teeth and Gums
Low Blood Sugar	Diabetes and Stress
Diabetes and Medications	Diabetes and your Nervous System
The HbA1c Test	Diabetes and Insulin Pump Therapy
Diabetes and Smoking	Diabetes and Sex
Diabetes and Drinking	Diabetes and the Holidays
Diabetes and your Eyes	Diabetes and Traveling by Air
Diabetes and your Feet	Diabetes and your Heart
Diabetes and your Kidneys	Helpful Resources

To learn more about Diabetes, choose a topic below.

1. Type One (1) Diabetes... more info click here
2. Type Two (2) Diabetes... more info click here
3. Gestational Diabetes.... more info click here
4. Other ... more info click here
5. Diagnostic Criteria... more info click here
6. Diabetes Prevention... more info click here
7. Insulin... more info click here

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